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circrnas microarray platform  (Arraystar inc)
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Arraystar inc circrnas microarray platform
The biogenesis of <t>circRNAs.</t> a Through the pre-mRNA canonical splicing, the mature mRNA is generated. The alternative splicing pathways are: exon skipping and back-splicing. b The circularized transcript can contain only the exon part and it is named exonic circular RNA (ecircRNA/circRNA). c, d The flanking introns can form direct base-pairing (c) or RNA-binding protein (RNP)-mediated intron–intron binding (d). The resulted circular transcript can be an exon–intron circular RNA (EIcircRNA) or the introns are further removed and the two- or multiple exons containing ecircRNA are generated. The EIcircRNA can regulate its own transcription by interacting with U1 snRNA and RNA Pol II. e The intron can form a lariat during canonical or alternative splicing. The lariat may become more stable and circular thus giving rise to the intronic circular RNA (circRNA). f In bacterial cells, as well as in eukaryotic cells, it was proven that the primary tRNA has introns that are spliced and circularized into tricRNA. Their function still remains to be studied
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The biogenesis of circRNAs. a Through the pre-mRNA canonical splicing, the mature mRNA is generated. The alternative splicing pathways are: exon skipping and back-splicing. b The circularized transcript can contain only the exon part and it is named exonic circular RNA (ecircRNA/circRNA). c, d The flanking introns can form direct base-pairing (c) or RNA-binding protein (RNP)-mediated intron–intron binding (d). The resulted circular transcript can be an exon–intron circular RNA (EIcircRNA) or the introns are further removed and the two- or multiple exons containing ecircRNA are generated. The EIcircRNA can regulate its own transcription by interacting with U1 snRNA and RNA Pol II. e The intron can form a lariat during canonical or alternative splicing. The lariat may become more stable and circular thus giving rise to the intronic circular RNA (circRNA). f In bacterial cells, as well as in eukaryotic cells, it was proven that the primary tRNA has introns that are spliced and circularized into tricRNA. Their function still remains to be studied

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: The biogenesis of circRNAs. a Through the pre-mRNA canonical splicing, the mature mRNA is generated. The alternative splicing pathways are: exon skipping and back-splicing. b The circularized transcript can contain only the exon part and it is named exonic circular RNA (ecircRNA/circRNA). c, d The flanking introns can form direct base-pairing (c) or RNA-binding protein (RNP)-mediated intron–intron binding (d). The resulted circular transcript can be an exon–intron circular RNA (EIcircRNA) or the introns are further removed and the two- or multiple exons containing ecircRNA are generated. The EIcircRNA can regulate its own transcription by interacting with U1 snRNA and RNA Pol II. e The intron can form a lariat during canonical or alternative splicing. The lariat may become more stable and circular thus giving rise to the intronic circular RNA (circRNA). f In bacterial cells, as well as in eukaryotic cells, it was proven that the primary tRNA has introns that are spliced and circularized into tricRNA. Their function still remains to be studied

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: Generated, Alternative Splicing, RNA Binding Assay, Binding Assay

Relevant examples of circRNAs implication in cancer

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relevant examples of circRNAs implication in cancer

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: Inhibition, Expressing, Biomarker Discovery, In Vitro, Knockdown, Binding Assay

Relevant examples of circRNAs’ implication in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, aging, and regenerative medicine

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relevant examples of circRNAs’ implication in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, aging, and regenerative medicine

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: Expressing, Migration, Alternative Splicing

Summarisation of the principle, advantage, and disadvantages of the main detection methods used for quantification of circRNAs

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summarisation of the principle, advantage, and disadvantages of the main detection methods used for quantification of circRNAs

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: Next-Generation Sequencing, Sequencing, Genome Wide, Microarray, Purification, Hybridization, cDNA Synthesis, Amplification, Biomarker Discovery, Northern Blot, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Immunoprecipitation

Examples of databases and software for circRNAs evaluation

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of databases and software for circRNAs evaluation

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: Software, Expressing, Genome Wide, Modification

Therapeutic value of synthetic circRNAs. a The synthetic circRNAs can be design in such a way that it will be able to target multiple miRNAs with consequences toward impairment of multiple oncogenic pathways. Synthetic circRNA can be delivered as a single agent. Inside the cell, this circRNA will sponge multiple microRNAs; b a second option consists in synthetic circRNAs able to target multiple proteins leading to the impairment of multiple oncogenic pathways. Once delivered inside the cell, the oncogenic proteins will be sponged and their activity suppressed; c both types of circRNAs can be loaded in tumor cell exosomes which will enhance their targeting efficiency and amount that can be delivered

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic value of synthetic circRNAs. a The synthetic circRNAs can be design in such a way that it will be able to target multiple miRNAs with consequences toward impairment of multiple oncogenic pathways. Synthetic circRNA can be delivered as a single agent. Inside the cell, this circRNA will sponge multiple microRNAs; b a second option consists in synthetic circRNAs able to target multiple proteins leading to the impairment of multiple oncogenic pathways. Once delivered inside the cell, the oncogenic proteins will be sponged and their activity suppressed; c both types of circRNAs can be loaded in tumor cell exosomes which will enhance their targeting efficiency and amount that can be delivered

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: Activity Assay

The major strategies for circularRNA therapy. a A tumor suppressor circRNA inside the cell will sponge oncomiRs, resulting in the upregulation of tumor suppressor mRNAs. b In the intracellular environment, siRNA can target and repress the oncogenic circRNA and the upregulation of tumor suppressor mRNA. c Inside the cell, the number of tumor suppressor circRNAs is restored and these can directly inhibit the oncogenic mRNAs. d circRNAs can also function as miRNA delivery systems, where tumor suppressor miRNAs can further repress the oncogenic mRNA. All of the above-mentioned circRNA therapeutic strategies result in the mRNA-mediated tumor suppression

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance

doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: The major strategies for circularRNA therapy. a A tumor suppressor circRNA inside the cell will sponge oncomiRs, resulting in the upregulation of tumor suppressor mRNAs. b In the intracellular environment, siRNA can target and repress the oncogenic circRNA and the upregulation of tumor suppressor mRNA. c Inside the cell, the number of tumor suppressor circRNAs is restored and these can directly inhibit the oncogenic mRNAs. d circRNAs can also function as miRNA delivery systems, where tumor suppressor miRNAs can further repress the oncogenic mRNA. All of the above-mentioned circRNA therapeutic strategies result in the mRNA-mediated tumor suppression

Article Snippet: Arraystar is the most common circRNAs microarray platform, based on an adapted protocol that uses RNase R treatment and a specific circular junction probe design to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity through enriched circRNAs’ fraction [ 121 ].

Techniques: